![]() ![]() 3) Infrastructure challenges in transport and waste disposal (eg deaths from railways) Strategies to reduce inequality: 1) Vandanna Foundation set up Self-help microcredit scheme in Dharavi slum which provides woman with small loans and training to help set up a business. 2) housing provision and quality (eg informal slums). Challenges: 1) Poverty and deprivation (eg pavement dwellers). 3) Ragpickers recycle a lot of waste but landfill still a problem and poor air quality. 2) Areas of informal slum housing (eg Dharavi) and areas of poor quality chawls (eg Bendhi Bazaar). Ways of life as result: 1) Housing and transport is overcrowded as city is on an island peninsula surrounded by sea on two sides and the CBD far from the mainland. 2) push and pull factors leading to migration from rural areas of Maharashtra state where deprivation is greater. Mumbai, India Growth causes: 1) natural population increase as people have children after settling in city. 4) Fund to replace inefficient boilers in home. 3) Clean city award scheme for businesses who recycle etc. Strategies to reduce inequality: 1) ULEZ and congestion charging zone. 3) Transport and waste disposal infrastructure challenges leading to low recycling levels and car particulates causing air pollution and fatal lung conditions. 2) Poor housing provision and quality due to rogue landlords. Challenges: 1) Poverty (eg fuel poverty) and deprivation. 2) High housing cost mean people live further out and commute in - so air pollution and congestion. Ways of life as result: 1) relative deprivation in north east but also gentrification pushing deprived residents into smaller 'pockets'. 3) Some re-urbanisation due to development of luxury apartments. 2) push and pull factors lead to regional migration in 19th century industrial revolution. London, UK Growth causes: 1) natural population increase as international migrants have children after settling in city. ![]()
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